tdesktop

# Claude Code Pointer

Read `AGENTS.md` and treat it as the canonical repository-wide instructions.

# Agent Guide for Telegram Desktop

This guide defines repository-wide instructions for coding agents working with the Telegram Desktop codebase.

## Working from Codex on Windows + WSL

This checkout may be opened in Codex Desktop through the Windows UNC path `\\wsl.localhost\{distro}\home\{user}\Telegram\tdesktop`, while the real Linux path is `/home/{user}/Telegram/tdesktop`. Treat it as a WSL/Linux checkout first, not as a native Windows checkout.

- Prefer running repository-aware commands through WSL:

```powershell
wsl.exe -d {distro} --cd /home/{user}/Telegram/tdesktop -- <command>
```

- PowerShell can read and write files through the UNC path, but native Windows tools may see different ownership, path, executable, or line-ending behavior than Linux tools.
- Git from PowerShell over `\\wsl.localhost\...` can fail with `detected dubious ownership`. Use WSL Git instead. Do not change global Git `safe.directory` settings unless the user explicitly asks for that.
- Keep path styles matched to the shell. Use `/home/{user}/Telegram/tdesktop/...` with WSL commands, and quoted `\\wsl.localhost\{distro}\home\{user}\Telegram\tdesktop\...` paths with native Windows commands. Avoid passing UNC paths to Linux tools or Linux paths to native Windows tools unless the tool explicitly supports them.
- If a command behaves strangely from the PowerShell UNC working directory, retry the same command through `wsl.exe -d {distro} --cd /home/{user}/Telegram/tdesktop -- ...` before concluding the repository or command is broken.
- Recursive searches and repo inspection are usually faster and more faithful through WSL, for example `wsl.exe -d {distro} --cd /home/{user}/Telegram/tdesktop -- rg ...`.
- Do not assume the WSL host has the build toolchain installed directly. In this setup, WSL may not have `cmake`, while Windows may have `cmake`, and the configured `out/` tree may still target the Linux Docker toolchain. Do not run native Windows `cmake --build out` against a Linux/Docker build tree.
- For WSL/Linux builds, use the Docker build entry point from the repository root: `Telegram/build/docker/centos_env/build_debug.sh`. The Docker daemon must be reachable from WSL; checking `docker info` is fine, but do not start a build unless the user asked for one.
- Existing build outputs may be Linux binaries, for example `out/Debug/Telegram` as an ELF executable, not `Telegram.exe`. Verify the build tree before assuming which platform produced it.
- Be careful with text file line endings. In a WSL/Linux checkout, files should remain LF-only unless the file already uses another convention. CRLF finishing applies only to native, non-WSL Windows runs/checkouts. Do not let PowerShell or Windows tools silently rewrite WSL files to CRLF. If a file becomes mixed, normalize it back to the convention appropriate for the current checkout, without adding a UTF-8 BOM.
- When using the local `perform-task` skill from this WSL checkout, keep external AI task artifacts and edited project text files LF-only. Treat its Windows text-normalization phase as not applicable to WSL, except to record that line endings were checked and kept LF/no-BOM. Run CRLF normalization only in a native, non-WSL Windows checkout.

## Build System Structure

The build system expects this directory layout:

```text
L:\Telegram\                    # BuildPath
L:\Telegram\tdesktop\           # Repository (you work here)
L:\Telegram\Libraries\          # 32-bit dependencies (Linux/macOS)
L:\Telegram\win64\Libraries\    # 64-bit dependencies (Windows)
L:\Telegram\ThirdParty\         # Build tools (NuGet, Python, etc.)
```

Dependencies are located relative to the repository: `../Libraries`, `../win64/Libraries`, or `../ThirdParty`.

## Build Configuration

### Build Commands

**From repository root, run:**

```bash
cmake --build out --config Debug --target Telegram
```

That's it. The `out/` directory is already configured. The executable will be at `out/Debug/Telegram.exe`.

**From WSL, run through the Linux Docker build environment:**

```bash
Telegram/build/docker/centos_env/build_debug.sh
```

**Important:** When running cmake from a shell that doesn't support `cd`, use quoted absolute paths:
```bash
cmake --build "l:\Telegram\tx64\out" --config Debug --target Telegram
```

**Never build Release** - it's extremely heavy and not needed for testing changes.

## Platform-Specific Requirements

### Windows
- Requires Visual Studio 2022
- Must run from appropriate Native Tools Command Prompt:
  - "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt" for `win64`
  - "x86 Native Tools Command Prompt" for `win`
  - "ARM64 Native Tools Command Prompt" for `winarm`
- Dependencies: `../win64/Libraries` (64-bit) or `../Libraries` (32-bit)

### macOS
- Requires Xcode
- Dependencies: `../Libraries/local/Qt-*`
- Set `QT` environment variable: `export QT=6.8`

### Linux
- Build dependencies in `../Libraries`
- Set `QT` environment variable if needed

## Key Files

- **`Telegram/build/version`** - Version information
- **`out/`** - Build output directory

## Troubleshooting

### "Libraries not found"
Ensure the repository is in `L:\Telegram\tdesktop`. The build system requires `../win64/Libraries` to exist.

### Build fails with "wrong command prompt"
On Windows, use the correct Visual Studio Native Tools Command Prompt matching your target (x64/x86/ARM64).

### macOS crashes while reading the cached language pack

After an incremental Xcode build that regenerated `lang.strings` outputs, the
app can link a new generated key lookup with stale objects that still use an
older `kKeysCount`. The characteristic failure is:

- the Debug log stops immediately after
  `Lang Info: Loaded cached, keys: ...`;
- stderr and `tdata/working` may be empty;
- a fresh `~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/Telegram-*.ips` shows `SIGABRT`
  from `std::vector<unsigned char>::operator[]`, then
  `Lang::Instance::applyValue()`, `fillFromSerialized()`, and
  `Local::readLangPack()`.

If this exact startup failure repeats twice, do not change the implementation,
test overlay, or portable account. Stop only this checkout's exact Telegram
process. Because Xcode's `CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR` is `out/Debug`, make a
safety copy of every existing portable folder outside `out/` before cleaning:

```bash
portable_backup_root="$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/tdesktop-portable-clean.XXXXXX")"
for portable_name in \
  TelegramForcePortable \
  test_TelegramForcePortable \
  real_TelegramForcePortable; do
  if [ -d "out/Debug/$portable_name" ]; then
    ditto "out/Debug/$portable_name" "$portable_backup_root/$portable_name"
  fi
done
```

Require every expected backup copy to exist before continuing. Then perform
one full Xcode Debug clean and rebuild:

```bash
cmake --build out --config Debug --target clean
cmake --build out --config Debug --target Telegram
```

Afterward, restore a portable folder from the backup only when its original
path is missing; never overwrite a folder that survived the clean. Verify all
three original folder names that existed before the clean are present, keep
the backup until the rebuilt app completes one successful launch, and record
its path if the run stops before verification. Then rerun the same test once.
If the signature persists after that clean rebuild, continue normal crash
diagnosis or report the blocker. Do not loop clean rebuilds.

### Build output locks

For builds owned by the autonomous `continue` / `perform-task` workflow, read
and follow `.agents/shared/build-lock-recovery.md`. PDB, EXE, OBJ, and other
build-output lock errors are recoverable: stop only the exact checkout
executable or verified build-tree holders, delete only exact named artifacts
inside that checkout's build tree, and retry within the bounded recovery
budget. Never stop an installed Telegram client, another checkout, an IDE, or
an unknown process.

Outside that autonomous workflow, an exact checkout executable may be running
because the user is testing it. Do not terminate it or delete locked build
outputs without explicit permission. Report the exact locked path and ask the
user to close that checkout's Telegram/debugger before rebuilding.

## Best Practices

1. **Always use Debug builds** - Release builds are extremely heavy
2. **Don't build Release configuration** - it's too heavy for testing

## Text File Format

- On Windows, keep project text files with CRLF line endings.
- Do not save source, header, build/config, style, or localization files as UTF-8 with BOM. Use UTF-8 without BOM.
- When rewriting project text files for normalization, preserve file content otherwise and do not introduce a BOM.

## Commits

- Subject: one concise, plain-language line summarizing the change, ~50-60 characters, matching the style of recent `git log` subjects. This is usually the entire message.
- For an `ai-tdesktop` task, start the subject with exactly `[ai] ` when the
  retained task implementation changes permanent test-helper code, the agent
  harness, or agent documentation in any way. This includes
  `Telegram/SourceFiles/test/`, `.agents/`, `.claude/`, `AGENTS.md`,
  `CLAUDE.md`, and files whose sole role is supporting those systems. Do not
  count the disposable test overlay or external AI task artifacts. For every
  other task, the subject must not contain `[ai]` anywhere.
- For ordinary work not associated with an AI task, add a short plain-language body only when the subject can't carry it (what was done, not the technical how) — a line or two at most.
- Never add a `Co-Authored-By:` line or any tool/assistant attribution trailer.
- Never add `Autotask:`/attempt or other internal run markers. A commit owned by
  an `ai-tdesktop` task has exactly three lines: the concise subject, a blank
  line, and `Task: <task-id>`. Do not add a body. Keep rationale and
  implementation notes out of the commit message; put a short durable note
  under `tasks/<task-id>.md` only when useful. Do not copy commit hashes into
  that note or any AI task artifact; the task id is the cross-repository link.

## Local Storage Serialization

Both app-level (`Core::Settings`) and session-level (`Main::SessionSettings`) use sequential binary serialization via `QDataStream`. Key rules:

- New fields must ALWAYS be appended at the **end** of the stream, never inserted in the middle
- Reading new fields must be guarded with `!stream.atEnd()` and provide a meaningful default/fallback
- Inserting in the middle breaks reading of data saved by older versions (the new read code consumes bytes that belong to subsequent fields)
- For simple flags and values, prefer using the generic KV prefs facility (`writePref<Type>` / `readPref<Type>`) instead of adding to the binary stream -- this avoids serialization ordering issues entirely

---

# Development Guidelines

## Coding Style

**Do NOT write comments in code:**

This is important! Do not write single-line comments that describe what the next line does - they are bloat. Comments are allowed ONLY to describe complex algorithms in detail, when the explanation requires at least 4-5 lines. Self-documenting code with clear variable and function names is preferred.

```cpp
// BAD - don't do this:
// Get the user's name
auto name = user->name();
// Check if premium
if (user->isPremium()) {

// GOOD - no comments needed, code is self-explanatory:
auto name = user->name();
if (user->isPremium()) {

// ACCEPTABLE - complex algorithm explanation (4+ lines):
// The algorithm works by first collecting all visible messages
// in the viewport, then calculating their intersection with
// the clip rectangle. Messages are grouped by date headers,
// and we need to account for sticky headers that may overlap
// with the first message in each group.
```

**Style and formatting rules** are in `REVIEW.md` — see that file for empty-line-before-closing-brace, operator placement in multi-line expressions, if-with-initializer, and other mechanical style rules.

**Use `auto` for type deduction:**

Prefer `auto` (or `const auto`, `const auto &`) instead of explicit types:

```cpp
// Prefer this:
auto currentTitle = tr::lng_settings_title(tr::now);
auto nameProducer = GetNameProducer();

// Instead of this:
QString currentTitle = tr::lng_settings_title(tr::now);
rpl::producer<QString> nameProducer = GetNameProducer();
```

**Use trailing return types only when the normal form is too long:**

Prefer the normal return type form when the opening line fits comfortably, roughly around 77 characters or less:

```cpp
// GOOD:
[[nodiscard]] TextWithEntities FlattenSummaryBlocks(
	const std::vector<Block> &blocks);
```

Do not use one-line trailing return types, or put the trailing return type after `)` on the same line. If it fits on one line with trailing syntax, the normal form would be shorter and easier to read:

```cpp
// BAD:
auto ComputeTitle() -> QString;

// BAD:
[[nodiscard]] auto FlattenSummaryBlocks(
	const std::vector<Block> &blocks) -> TextWithEntities;
```

Use `auto` with a trailing return type only when the normal opening line
`{attributes} {return-type} {class-name::}{function-name(}` would be too long, or would force the return type onto its own line. Put the arrow and return type on the next line so the return type remains easy to find:

```cpp
// BAD:
not_null<HistoryView::Controls::ComposeAiButton*>
HistoryView::Controls::SetupCaptionAiButton(SetupCaptionAiButtonArgs &&args);
```

```cpp
// GOOD:
auto HistoryView::Controls::SetupCaptionAiButton(
		SetupCaptionAiButtonArgs &&args)
-> not_null<HistoryView::Controls::ComposeAiButton*>;
```

This applies to both declarations and definitions.

**Use `_q` for QString literals:**

Prefer the project literal `u"..."_q` instead of the verbose `QStringLiteral("...")` macro when creating `QString` values:

```cpp
// Prefer this:
auto text = u"Settings"_q;

// Instead of this:
auto text = QStringLiteral("Settings");
```

**Never use `Q_OS_LINUX` for platform checks in new code:**

Telegram Desktop distinguishes at most three platforms: Windows / macOS / all-other. The "all-other" branch covers Linux, the BSD variants and more — and this is almost always the branch you want. `Q_OS_LINUX` narrows it to Linux alone, silently excluding the non-Linux Unix platforms, which is almost never intended. For the all-other branch use `!defined Q_OS_WIN && !defined Q_OS_MAC` at compile time, or its runtime equivalent `Platform::IsLinux()` — which, despite the name, means exactly `!defined Q_OS_WIN && !defined Q_OS_MAC` ("everything except Windows and macOS"), not Linux specifically:

```cpp
// BAD - excludes FreeBSD and other non-Linux Unix:
#ifdef Q_OS_LINUX
UnixSpecificCode();
#endif // Q_OS_LINUX

// GOOD - the all-other branch, compile time:
#if !defined Q_OS_WIN && !defined Q_OS_MAC
UnixSpecificCode();
#endif // !Q_OS_WIN && !Q_OS_MAC

// GOOD - the all-other branch, runtime (same meaning, NOT Linux-only):
if (Platform::IsLinux()) {
	UnixSpecificCode();
}
```

`Q_OS_LINUX` is only for the rare case where you genuinely want exactly Linux and not the other Unix-like systems — usually you don't. The few existing uses (`Telegram/SourceFiles/core/sandbox.cpp`, `Telegram/SourceFiles/platform/linux/specific_linux.cpp`) are such genuinely Linux-only code paths and stay as-is.

**Treat CMake `LINUX` as the all-other platform:**

In this project, `cmake/validate_special_target.cmake` sets `LINUX` in the
final `else()` after checking `WIN32` and `APPLE`. It therefore means
`NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE`, including non-Linux Unix platforms; it does not
mean exactly Linux. For the usual three-way platform split, write:

```cmake
if (WIN32)
    set(platform_source platform/win.cpp)
elseif (APPLE)
    set(platform_source platform/mac.mm)
else()
    set(platform_source platform/linux.cpp)
endif()
target_sources(my_target PRIVATE ${platform_source})
```

Do not add a separate fallback branch after `if (LINUX)` as though `LINUX`
were one platform among several remaining platforms. There are no remaining
platforms in this project's CMake platform model.

**Prefer cppgir wrappers over the GLib C API:**

When implementing all-other-platform code with GLib, GObject, or GIO, use the
generated cppgir C++ bindings under `gi::repository` as much as possible.
Prefer their `GLib`, `GObject`, and `Gio` types, ownership handling, results,
and callbacks over raw `g_*`, `g_object_*`, and `g_io_*` APIs. Use the C API
only when cppgir does not expose the required functionality or at a narrow
interop boundary that genuinely requires raw GLib types, and keep that raw
API surface as small as possible.

**Generate typed D-Bus bindings from introspection XML:**

For a D-Bus interface known at build time, prefer the CMake `generate_dbus`
function from `cmake/external/glib/generate_dbus.cmake` over handwritten
`GDBusProxy` calls, stringly typed method and signal names, or manually
maintained C wrappers. Its signature is:

```cmake
generate_dbus(
    target_name
    interface_prefix
    namespace
    interface_file)
```

`target_name` is the existing target that will use the bindings,
`interface_prefix` is the common D-Bus interface prefix passed to
`gdbus-codegen`, `namespace` names the generated API, and `interface_file` is
the D-Bus introspection XML file. Include the helper and call it inside the
all-other-platform branch:

```cmake
include(${cmake_helpers_loc}/external/glib/generate_dbus.cmake)
generate_dbus(
    my_target
    org.example.
    Example
    ${src_loc}/platform/linux/org.example.Service.xml)
```

The helper runs `gdbus-codegen`, generates proxy, skeleton, and object-manager
types, produces GIR metadata, wraps that metadata with cppgir, and links the
result into `target_name`. Consume the resulting typed API from
`gi::repository::Example` (using the namespace argument from the example);
do not edit or separately list files under the build `gen` directory. Use
generic GLib D-Bus calls only when the interface is genuinely dynamic or
cannot be represented by suitable introspection XML.

## API Usage

### API Schema Files

API definitions use [TL Language](https://core.telegram.org/mtproto/TL):

1. **`Telegram/SourceFiles/mtproto/scheme/mtproto.tl`** - MTProto protocol (encryption, auth, etc.)
2. **`Telegram/SourceFiles/mtproto/scheme/api.tl`** - Telegram API (messages, users, chats, etc.)

### Making API Requests

Standard pattern using `api()`, generated `MTP...` types, and callbacks:

```cpp
api().request(MTPnamespace_MethodName(
    MTP_flags(flags_value),
    MTP_inputPeer(peer),
    MTP_string(messageText),
    MTP_long(randomId),
    MTP_vector<MTPMessageEntity>()
)).done([=](const MTPResponseType &result) {
    // Handle successful response

    // Multiple constructors - use .match() or check type:
    result.match([&](const MTPDuser &data) {
        // use data.vfirst_name().v
    }, [&](const MTPDuserEmpty &data) {
        // handle empty user
    });

    // Single constructor - use .data() shortcut:
    const auto &data = result.data();
    // use data.vmessages().v

}).fail([=](const MTP::Error &error) {
    // Handle API error
    if (error.type() == u"FLOOD_WAIT_X"_q) {
        // Handle flood wait
    }
}).handleFloodErrors().send();
```

**Key points:**
- Always refer to `api.tl` for method signatures and return types
- Use generated `MTP...` types for parameters (`MTP_int`, `MTP_string`, etc.)
- For multiple constructors, use `.match()` or check `.type()` against `mtpc_` constants then call `.c_constructorName()`:
  ```cpp
  // Using match:
  result.match([&](const MTPDuser &data) { ... }, [&](const MTPDuserEmpty &data) { ... });
  // Or explicit type check:
  if (result.type() == mtpc_user) {
      const auto &data = result.c_user(); // asserts on type mismatch
  }
  ```
- For single constructors, use `.data()` shortcut
- Include `.handleFloodErrors()` before `.send()` in rare cases where you want special case flood error handling
- Silently ignore HTTP 406 errors in UI: the server uses 406 to mean "show nothing to the user". Guard toasts with `MTP::IgnoreError(error)` or use `MTP::ShowErrorFallback(show, error)` (both in `mtproto/mtproto_response.h`) which shows `error.type()` as a toast unless the error should be ignored.

### API Request Callback Lifetime

`api().request(...)` callbacks are owned by the session, not by whatever created
them. A `.done()` / `.fail()` handler stays alive for the whole session lifetime,
so a handler that captured a widget, a box, a controller, or any shorter-lived
state still runs after that state is gone. A plain `[=]` capture warns about
nothing, which makes this one of the easiest ways to write a use-after-free here.

Capturing only plain values or session-owned objects is fine. When anything
captured can die before the session does, pick one of three:

**1. Guard the callback with `crl::guard`.** The request is always sent; the
handler is skipped when the context is gone. Use when the call itself must reach
the server and only the local reaction is optional.

```cpp
api().request(MTPmethod(
	...
)).done(crl::guard(this, [=](const MTPResult &result) {
	// runs only while `this` is still alive
})).send();
```

Accepted guards, in rough order of how often they are used: a raw pointer or
`not_null` to any `QObject`-derived type — widgets, boxes, controllers — where the
`QPointer` is created on the spot, so passing `this` is the normal case; a raw
pointer or `not_null` to a `base::has_weak_ptr` type; `QPointer`, `QWeakPointer`,
`QSharedPointer`; `base::weak_ptr`, `base::weak_qptr`; `std::weak_ptr`,
`std::shared_ptr`; and `base::binary_guard`.

**2. Remember the `mtpRequestId` and cancel it.** Cancel when the result stops
being relevant, and in the destructor. The request may never reach the server —
if it is still queued when cancelled, or connectivity dies first, it is simply
dropped — so never use this when the call itself has to happen.

```cpp
_requestId = api().request(MTPmethod(
	...
)).done([=](const MTPResult &result) {
	_requestId = 0;
	...
}).send();

// when the result is no longer relevant, and in the destructor:
api().request(base::take(_requestId)).cancel();
```

**3. Own an `MTP::Sender`.** Its destructor cancels everything it sent that is
still in flight, so request lifetime follows the owner with no bookkeeping. Same
delivery caveat as (2). Prefer this for a widget, box, or controller that issues
more than a request or two.

```cpp
// header
	MTP::Sender _api;

// constructor initializer list
, _api(&session->mtp())

// requests sent through it die with the owner
_api.request(MTPmethod(
	...
)).done([=](const MTPResult &result) {
	...
}).send();
```

Choosing between them: if the server must see the request, use (1). If it only
matters while its owner is alive, use (3) — or (2) when a single request does not
justify a `Sender` member.

## UI Styling

### Style Files

UI styles are defined in `.style` files using custom syntax:

```style
using "ui/basic.style";
using "ui/widgets/widgets.style";

MyButtonStyle {
    textPadding: margins;
    icon: icon;
    height: pixels;
}

defaultButton: MyButtonStyle {
    textPadding: margins(10px, 15px, 10px, 15px);
    icon: icon{{ "gui/icons/search", iconColor }};
    height: 30px;
}

primaryButton: MyButtonStyle(defaultButton) {
    icon: icon{{ "gui/icons/check", iconColor }};
}
```

**Built-in types:**
- `int` - Integer numbers (e.g., `maxLines: 3;`)
- `bool` - Boolean values (e.g., `useShadow: true;`)
- `pixels` - Pixel values with `px` suffix (e.g., `10px`)
- `color` - Named colors from `ui/colors.palette`
- `icon` - Inline icon definition: `icon{{ "path/stem", color }}`
- `margins` - Four values: `margins(left, top, right, bottom)`
- `size` - Two values: `size(width, height)`
- `point` - Two values: `point(x, y)`
- `align` - Alignment: `align(center)`, `align(left)`
- `font` - Font: `font(14px semibold)`
- `double` - Floating point

**Multi-part icons** (layers drawn bottom-up):
```style
myComplexIcon: icon{
  { "gui/icons/background", iconBgColor },
  { "gui/icons/foreground", iconFgColor }
};
```

**Borders** are typically separate fields, not a single property:
```style
chatInput {
  border: 1px;                       // width
  borderFg: defaultInputFieldBorder; // color
}
```

**Never hardcode sizes in code:**

The app supports different interface scale options. Style `px` values are automatically scaled at runtime, but raw integer constants in code are not. Never use hardcoded numbers for margins, paddings, spacing, sizes, coordinates, or any other dimensional values. Always define them in `.style` files and reference via `st::`.

```cpp
// BAD - breaks at non-100% interface scale:
p.drawText(10, 20, text);
widget->setFixedHeight(48);
auto margin = 8;
auto iconSize = QSize(24, 24);

// GOOD - define in .style file and reference:
p.drawText(st::myWidgetTextLeft, st::myWidgetTextTop, text);
widget->setFixedHeight(st::myWidgetHeight);
auto margin = st::myWidgetMargin;
auto iconSize = st::myWidgetIconSize;
```

**Duration constants**: Animation durations should NOT go in `.style` files, this is a legacy approach. Prefer `constexpr auto kName = crl::time(N)` in an anonymous namespace in the relevant `.cpp` file.

### Usage in Code

```cpp
#include "styles/style_widgets.h"

// Access style members
int height = st::primaryButton.height;
const style::icon &icon = st::primaryButton.icon;
style::margins padding = st::primaryButton.textPadding;

// Use in painting
void MyWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e) {
    Painter p(this);
    p.fillRect(rect(), st::chatInput.backgroundColor);
}
```

## Localization

### String Definitions

Strings are defined in `Telegram/Resources/langs/lang.strings`:

```
"lng_settings_title" = "Settings";
"lng_confirm_delete_item" = "Are you sure you want to delete {item_name}?";
"lng_files_selected#one" = "{count} file selected";
"lng_files_selected#other" = "{count} files selected";
```

### Usage in Code

**Immediate (current value):**

```cpp
auto currentTitle = tr::lng_settings_title(tr::now);

auto currentConfirmation = tr::lng_confirm_delete_item(
    tr::now,
    lt_item_name, currentItemName);

auto filesText = tr::lng_files_selected(tr::now, lt_count, count);
```

**Reactive (rpl::producer):**

```cpp
auto titleProducer = tr::lng_settings_title();

auto confirmationProducer = tr::lng_confirm_delete_item(
    lt_item_name,
    std::move(itemNameProducer));

auto filesTextProducer = tr::lng_files_selected(
    lt_count,
    countProducer | tr::to_count());
```

**Key points:**
- Pass `tr::now` as first argument for immediate `QString`
- Omit `tr::now` for reactive `rpl::producer<QString>`
- Placeholders use `lt_tag_name, value` pattern
- For `{count}`: immediate uses `int`, reactive uses `rpl::producer<float64>` with `| tr::to_count()`
- Move producers with `std::move` when passing to placeholders
- Rich text projectors — these `tr::` helpers serve double duty: as the **last argument** (projector) they set the return type to `TextWithEntities`, and as **placeholder values** they wrap individual substitutions in formatting. Always prefer them over `Ui::Text::Bold()`, `Ui::Text::RichLangValue`, etc. — see REVIEW.md for the full mapping.
  - `tr::marked` — basic projection, converts `QString` to `TextWithEntities`
  - `tr::rich` — interprets `**bold**`/`__italic__` markup in the string
  - `tr::bold`, `tr::italic`, `tr::underline` — wrap text in that formatting
  - `tr::link` — wrap as a clickable link
  - `tr::url(u"https://..."_q)` — returns a projection that converts text to a link pointing to the given URL; can be passed to `rpl::map` or directly to a `tr::lng_...` call
  ```cpp
  // As last argument (projector):
  auto title = tr::lng_export_progress_title(tr::now, tr::bold);
  auto text = tr::lng_proxy_incorrect_secret(tr::now, tr::rich);
  // As placeholder value wrapper + projector:
  auto desc = tr::lng_some_key(
      tr::now,
      lt_name,
      tr::bold(userName),
      lt_group,
      tr::bold(groupName),
      tr::rich);
  // Nested tr::lng as placeholder:
  auto linked = tr::lng_settings_birthday_contacts(
      lt_link,
      tr::lng_settings_birthday_contacts_link(tr::url(link)),
      tr::marked);
  ```

## RPL (Reactive Programming Library)

### Core Concepts

**Producers** represent streams of values over time:

```cpp
auto intProducer = rpl::single(123);  // Emits single value
auto lifetime = rpl::lifetime();       // Manages subscription lifetime
```

### Starting Pipelines

```cpp
std::move(counter) | rpl::on_next([=](int value) {
    qDebug() << "Received: " << value;
}, lifetime);

// Without lifetime parameter - MUST store returned lifetime:
auto subscriptionLifetime = std::move(counter) | rpl::on_next([=](int value) {
    // process value
});
```

### Transforming Producers

```cpp
auto strings = std::move(ints) | rpl::map([](int value) {
    return QString::number(value * 2);
});

auto evenInts = std::move(ints) | rpl::filter([](int value) {
    return (value % 2 == 0);
});
```

### Combining Producers

**`rpl::combine`** - combines latest values (lambdas receive unpacked arguments):

```cpp
auto combined = rpl::combine(countProducer, textProducer);

std::move(combined) | rpl::on_next([=](int count, const QString &text) {
    qDebug() << "Count=" << count << ", Text=" << text;
}, lifetime);
```

**`rpl::merge`** - merges producers of same type:

```cpp
auto merged = rpl::merge(sourceA, sourceB);

std::move(merged) | rpl::on_next([=](QString &&value) {
    qDebug() << "Merged value: " << value;
}, lifetime);
```

**Other pipeline starters** — besides `rpl::on_next`, there are:
- `rpl::on_error([=](Error &&e) { ... }, lifetime)` — handle errors
- `rpl::on_done([=] { ... }, lifetime)` — handle stream completion
- `rpl::on_next_error_done(nextCb, errorCb, doneCb, lifetime)` — handle all three

The `Error` template parameter defaults to `rpl::no_error`: `rpl::producer<Type, Error = no_error>`.

**Key points:**
- Explicitly `std::move` producers when starting pipelines
- Pass `rpl::lifetime` to `on_...` methods or store returned lifetime
- Use `rpl::duplicate(producer)` to reuse a producer multiple times
- Combined producers automatically unpack tuples in lambdas (works with `rpl::map`, `rpl::filter`, and `rpl::on_next`)