iotdb Documentation

1. Project Overview & Quickstart (apache/iotdb) Copy Chapter

English | 中文

IoTDB

Overview

IoTDB (Internet of Things Database) is a data management system for time series data, which provides users with specific services, including data collection, storage and analysis. Due to its lightweight structure, high performance and usable features, together with its seamless integration with the Hadoop and Spark ecosystem, IoTDB meets the requirements of massive dataset storage, high throughput data input, and complex data analysis in the industrial IoT field.

Click for More Information

IoTDB depends on TsFile which is a columnar storage file format designed for time series data. The branch iotdb of TsFile project is used to deploy SNAPSHOT version for IoTDB project.

Main Features

The main features of IoTDB are as follows:

1. Flexible deployment strategy. IoTDB provides users with a one-click installation tool on either the cloud platform or the terminal devices, and a data synchronization tool bridging the data on cloud platform and terminals.
2. Low cost on hardware. IoTDB can reach a high compression ratio of disk storage.
3. Efficient directory structure. IoTDB supports efficient organization for complex time series data structures from intelligent networking devices, organization for time series data from devices of the same type, and fuzzy searching strategy for massive and complex directory of time series data.
4. High-throughput read and write. IoTDB supports millions of low-power devices' strong connection data access, high-speed data read and write for intelligent networking devices and mixed devices mentioned above.
5. Rich query semantics. IoTDB supports time alignment for time series data across devices and measurements, computation in time series field (frequency domain transformation) and rich aggregation function support in time dimension.
6. Easy to get started. IoTDB supports SQL-like language, JDBC standard API and import/export tools which are easy to use.
7. Seamless integration with state-of-the-practice Open Source Ecosystem. IoTDB supports analysis ecosystems, such as Hadoop and Spark, as well as visualization tools, such as Grafana.

For the latest information about IoTDB, please visit IoTDB official website. If you encounter any problems or identify any bugs while using IoTDB, please report an issue in Jira.

Outline Copy Chapter

• IoTDB
• Overview
• Main Features
  • Outline
• Quick Start
  • Prerequisites
  • Installation
    • Build from source
    • Configurations
  • Start
    • Start IoTDB
    • Use IoTDB
      • Use Cli
      • Basic commands for IoTDB
    • Stop IoTDB
  • Only build server
  • Only build cli
  • Usage of CSV Import and Export Tool

Quick Start

This short guide will walk you through the basic process of using IoTDB. For a more detailed introduction, please visit our website's User Guide.

Prerequisites Copy Chapter

To use IoTDB, you need to have:

1. Java >= 17 (17 to 25 are verified. Please make sure the environment path has been set accordingly).
2. Maven >= 3.6 (If you want to compile and install IoTDB from source code).
3. Set the max open files num as 65535 to avoid the "too many open files" error.
4. (Optional) Set the somaxconn as 65535 to avoid "connection reset" error when the system is under high load.
   text Copy

   # Linux
   > sudo sysctl -w net.core.somaxconn=65535
   
   # FreeBSD or Darwin
   > sudo sysctl -w kern.ipc.somaxconn=65535

⚠️ Important: System Resource Limits

IoTDB requires sufficient system resource limits to start correctly.
If these limits are not configured, IoTDB may fail to start or emit warnings such as
"too many open files" or "connection reset" in the logs.

Linux / macOS

bash Copy

ulimit -n 65535
sudo sysctl -w net.core.somaxconn=65535

Docker Users
When running IoTDB in Docker, these limits must be applied on the host machine
or explicitly passed to the container:

bash Copy

docker run --ulimit nofile=65535:65535 ...

Windows Users
These commands are not applicable on Windows.
Please follow the Windows installation steps below and ensure sufficient system resources.

Linux Copy Section

(This guide is based on an installation of Ubuntu 22.04.)

Git

Make sure Git is installed, if it's missing, simply install it via:

sudo apt install git

Java

Make sure Java is installed, if it's missing, simply install it via:

sudo apt install default-jdk

Flex

sudo apt install flex

Bison

sudo apt install bison

Boost

sudo apt install libboost-all-dev

OpenSSL header files

Usually OpenSSL is already installed, however it's missing the header files we need to compile.
So ensure these are installed:

sudo apt install libssl-dev

Mac OS Copy Section

Git

First ensure git works.

Usually on a new Mac, as soon as you simply type git in a Terminal window, a popup will come up and ask if you want to finish installing the Mac developer tools.
Just say yes.
As soon as this is finished, you are free to use git.

Homebrew

Then install Homebrew - If this hasn't been installed yet, as we are going to be installing everything using Homebrew.

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Java

As soon as that's done install Java, if this hasn't been installed yet:

brew install java

Depending on your version of Homebrew, it will tell you to do one of the following (depending on the type of processor in your device).

Mainly on the Intel-based models:

sudo ln -sfn /usr/local/opt/openjdk/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk.jdk

Mainly on the ARM-based models:

sudo ln -sfn /opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk.jdk

CPP Prerequisites

Building Thrift requires us to add two more dependencies to the picture.

This however is only needed when enabling the with-cpp profile:

brew install boost
brew install bison
brew install openssl

Windows Copy Section

Chocolatey

Then install Chocolatey - If this hasn't been installed yet, as we are going to be installing everything using Chocolatey.

https://chocolatey.org/install

Git

choco install git.install

Java

choco install openjdk

Visual Studio 19 2022

choco install visualstudio2022community
choco install visualstudio2022buildtools
choco install visualstudio2022-workload-nativedesktop

Flex / Bison

choco install winflexbison

Boost

choco install boost-msvc-14.2

OpenSSL

choco install openssl

Installation Copy Chapter

IoTDB provides three installation methods, you can refer to the following suggestions, choose the one fits you best:

• Installation from source code. If you need to modify the code yourself, you can use this method.
• Installation from binary files. Download the binary files from the official website. This is the recommended method, in which you will get a binary released package which is out-of-the-box.
• Using Docker：The path to the dockerfile is here.

Here in the Quick Start, we give a brief introduction of using source code to install IoTDB. For further information, please refer to User Guide.

Build from source Copy Chapter

Prepare Thrift compiler Copy Section

Skip this chapter if you are using Windows.

As we use Thrift for our RPC module (communication and
protocol definition), we involve Thrift during the compilation, so Thrift compiler 0.13.0 (or
higher) is required to generate Thrift Java code. Thrift officially provides binary compiler for
Windows, but unfortunately, they do not provide that for Unix OSs.

If you have permission to install new software, use apt install or yum install or brew install
to install the Thrift compiler. (If you already have installed the thrift compiler, skip this step.)
Then, you may add the following parameter
when running Maven: -Dthrift.download-url=http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt -Dthrift.exec.absolute.path=<YOUR LOCAL THRIFT BINARY FILE>.

If not, then you have to compile the thrift compiler, and it requires you install a boost library first.
Therefore, we compiled a Unix compiler ourselves and put it onto GitHub, and with the help of a
maven plugin, it will be downloaded automatically during compilation.
This compiler works fine with gcc8 or later, Ubuntu MacOS, and CentOS, but previous versions
and other OSs are not guaranteed.

If you can not download the thrift compiler automatically because of a network problem, you can download
it by yourself, and then either:
rename your thrift file to {project_root}\thrift\target\tools\thrift_0.12.0_0.13.0_linux.exe;
or, add Maven commands:
-Dthrift.download-url=http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt -Dthrift.exec.absolute.path=<YOUR LOCAL THRIFT BINARY FILE>.

Compile IoTDB Copy Section

You can download the source code from:

git clone https://github.com/apache/iotdb.git

The default dev branch is the master branch, if you want to use a released version x.x.x:

git checkout vx.x.x

Or checkout to the branch of a big version, e.g., the branch of 1.0 is rel/1.0.

git checkout rel/x.x

Build IoTDB from source Copy Section

Under the root path of iotdb:

> mvn clean package -pl distribution -am -DskipTests

After being built, the IoTDB distribution is located at the folder: "distribution/target".

Only build cli Copy Section

Under the iotdb/iotdb-client path:

> mvn clean package -pl cli -am -DskipTests

After being built, the IoTDB cli is located at the folder "cli/target".

Build with Chinese Log & Error Messages Copy Section

IoTDB supports compile-time internationalization (i18n) for log and error messages. By default, messages are in English. To build with Chinese messages, activate the with-zh-locale Maven profile:

> mvn clean package -pl distribution -am -DskipTests -P with-zh-locale

This works by swapping the source directory src/main/i18n/en (default) with src/main/i18n/zh, where each module keeps locale-specific Java constant classes containing translated message strings.

Build Others Copy Section

Use -P with-cpp for compiling the cpp client. (For more details, read client-cpp's Readme file.)

NOTE: Directories "thrift/target/generated-sources/thrift", "thrift-sync/target/generated-sources/thrift",
"thrift-cluster/target/generated-sources/thrift", "thrift-influxdb/target/generated-sources/thrift"
and "antlr/target/generated-sources/antlr4" need to be added to sources roots to avoid compilation errors in the IDE.

In IDEA, you just need to right click on the root project name and choose "Maven->Reload Project" after
you run mvn package successfully.

Configurations Copy Section

Configuration files are under the "conf" folder.

• environment config module (datanode-env.bat, datanode-env.sh),
• system config module (iotdb-system.properties)
• log config module (logback.xml).

For more information, please see Config Manual.

Start Copy Chapter

You can go through the following steps to test the installation. If there is no error returned after execution, the installation is completed.

Start IoTDB Copy Section

Users can start 1C1D IoTDB by the start-standalone script under the sbin folder.

# Unix/OS X
> sbin/start-standalone.sh

# Windows
> sbin\start-standalone.bat

Use IoTDB Copy Section

Use Cli

IoTDB offers different ways to interact with server, here we introduce the basic steps of using Cli tool to insert and query data.

After installing IoTDB, there is a default user 'root', its default password is 'root'. Users can use this
default user to login Cli to use IoTDB. The start-up script of Cli is the start-cli script in the folder sbin. When executing the script, user should assign
IP, PORT, USER_NAME and PASSWORD. The default parameters are "-h 127.0.0.1 -p 6667 -u root -pw root".

Here is the command for starting the Cli:

# Unix/OS X
> sbin/start-cli.sh -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6667 -u root -pw root

# Windows
> sbin\start-cli.bat -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6667 -u root -pw root

The command line cli is interactive, so you should see the welcome logo and statements if everything is ready:

_____       _________  ______   ______
|_   _|     |  _   _  ||_   _ `.|_   _ \
  | |   .--.|_/ | | \_|  | | `. \ | |_) |
  | | / .'`\ \  | |      | |  | | |  __'.
 _| |_| \__. | _| |_    _| |_.' /_| |__) |
|_____|'.__.' |_____|  |______.'|_______/  version x.x.x


IoTDB> login successfully
IoTDB>

Basic commands for IoTDB

Now, let us introduce the way of creating timeseries, inserting data and querying data.

The data in IoTDB is organized as timeseries. Each timeseries includes multiple data–time pairs, and is owned by a database. Before defining a timeseries, we should define a database using CREATE DATABASE first, and here is an example:

IoTDB> CREATE DATABASE root.ln

We can also use SHOW DATABASES to check the database being created:

IoTDB> SHOW DATABASES
+-------------+
|     Database|
+-------------+
|      root.ln|
+-------------+
Total line number = 1

After the database is set, we can use CREATE TIMESERIES to create a new timeseries. When creating a timeseries, we should define its data type and the encoding scheme. Here we create two timeseries:

IoTDB> CREATE TIMESERIES root.ln.wf01.wt01.status WITH DATATYPE=BOOLEAN, ENCODING=PLAIN
IoTDB> CREATE TIMESERIES root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature WITH DATATYPE=FLOAT, ENCODING=RLE

In order to query the specific timeseries, we can use SHOW TIMESERIES . represent the location of the timeseries. The default value is "null", which queries all the timeseries in the system (the same as using "SHOW TIMESERIES root"). Here are some examples:

1. Querying all timeseries in the system:

IoTDB> SHOW TIMESERIES
+-----------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
|                   Timeseries|Alias|Database|DataType|Encoding|Compression|Tags|Attributes|
+-----------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature| null|      root.ln|   FLOAT|     RLE|     SNAPPY|null|      null|
|     root.ln.wf01.wt01.status| null|      root.ln| BOOLEAN|   PLAIN|     SNAPPY|null|      null|
+-----------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
Total line number = 2

2. Querying a specific timeseries (root.ln.wf01.wt01.status):

IoTDB> SHOW TIMESERIES root.ln.wf01.wt01.status
+------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
|              timeseries|alias|database|dataType|encoding|compression|tags|attributes|
+------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status| null|      root.ln| BOOLEAN|   PLAIN|     SNAPPY|null|      null|
+------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
Total line number = 1

Inserting timeseries data is a basic operation of IoTDB, you can use the ‘INSERT’ command to finish this. Before insertion, you should assign the timestamp and the suffix path name:

IoTDB> INSERT INTO root.ln.wf01.wt01(timestamp,status) values(100,true);
IoTDB> INSERT INTO root.ln.wf01.wt01(timestamp,status,temperature) values(200,false,20.71)

The data that you have just inserted will be displayed as follows:

IoTDB> SELECT status FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01
+------------------------+------------------------+
|                    Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|
+------------------------+------------------------+
|1970-01-01T00:00:00.100Z|                    true|
|1970-01-01T00:00:00.200Z|                   false|
+------------------------+------------------------+
Total line number = 2

You can also query several timeseries data using one SQL statement:

IoTDB> SELECT * FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
|                    Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
|1970-01-01T00:00:00.100Z|                         null|                    true|
|1970-01-01T00:00:00.200Z|                        20.71|                   false|
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
Total line number = 2

To change the time zone in Cli, you can use the following SQL:

IoTDB> SET time_zone=+08:00
Time zone has set to +08:00
IoTDB> SHOW time_zone
Current time zone: Asia/Shanghai

Add then the query result will show using the new time zone.

IoTDB> SELECT * FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.100+08:00|                         null|                    true|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.200+08:00|                        20.71|                   false|
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
Total line number = 2

The commands to exit the Cli are:

IoTDB> quit
or
IoTDB> exit

For more information about the commands supported by IoTDB SQL, please see User Guide.

Stop IoTDB Copy Section

The server can be stopped with "ctrl-C" or the following script:

# Unix/OS X
> sbin/stop-standalone.sh

# Windows
> sbin\stop-standalone.bat

The use of Data Import and Export Tool

see The use of Data Import Tool
see The use of Data Export Tool

Frequent Questions for Compiling

see Frequent Questions when Compiling the Source Code

Contact Us

QQ Group Copy Section

• Apache IoTDB User Group: 659990460

Wechat Group Copy Section

• Add friend: apache_iotdb, and then we'll invite you to the group.

Slack Copy Section

• Slack channel

see Join the community for more!

2. Official Technical Reference & Guides (apache/iotdb-docs) Copy Chapter

Website description

IoTDB website Copy Chapter

See https://iotdb.apache.org/

Build Setup Copy Chapter

run npm run build for doing the following steps automatically:

How to Debug Copy Chapter

then if you want to debug, just run

# serve with hot reload at localhost:8080
npm run dev

# build for production with minification
npm run build

Remember, only the changes of site/src can be logged by Git.
All changes in the target folder will be ignored by Git.

Deploy Manually Copy Chapter

Preview your website Copy Chapter

If you add -Dscm-branch=asf-staging in your command, then the website will be published to https://iotdb.staged.apache.org

FAQ Copy Chapter

If you get an error on your MacOS:

gyp: No Xcode or CLT version detected!

Then, install CommandLine of Xcode: sudo xcode-select --install.
If you have installed and the error still occurs, then sudo xcode-select --reset

Document format

• All mds will be compiled into html, REDEME.md will be compiled into index.html, and xx.md will be compiled into xx.html
• The tags in .md must have a beginning and an end. For example, \ must have a </ tr> corresponding to it, and it is strictly corresponding; if you need to insert tags in the document, such as List <String>, you can add this into the code block, You can also add \ before the two angle brackets, such as <\String\>
• Tags cannot be cross-nested, such as \ \\ This is not allowed
• The first-level title of the article is the title of the sidebar of the document, so the largest chapter title of the document is not needed

Add vue component to the document Copy Chapter

Place the components in the .vuepress / components directory

Use <component/> directly in the md file

Tutorial on the use of vue componentshttps://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/components.html

Contributing documents

• Only modify existing documents: only need to modify the content of the document, do not modify the file name (change the file name to config.js)
• Adding documents: Put the added documents in the directory where you put them together, record the link path of the directory, and modify it in .vuepress / config.js

Modify config.js

Head, base, title, description, etc. need hardly be modified

See specific configuration information https://www.vuepress.cn/config/

head,base,title,description

head: [
		["meta", {name: "Description", content: "Apache IoTDB: Time Series Database for IoT"}],
        ["meta", {name: "Keywords", content: "TSDB, time series, time series database, IoTDB, IoT database, IoT data management,时序数据库, 时间序列管理, IoTDB, 物联网数据库, 实时数据库, 物联网数据管理, 物联网数据"}],
        ["meta", {name: "baidu-site-verification", content: "wfKETzB3OT"}],
        ["meta", {name: "google-site-verification", content: "mZWAoRY0yj_HAr-s47zHCGHzx5Ju-RVm5wDbPnwQYFo"}],
      ],

Additional tags that need to be injected into the HTML <head> of the current page, each tag can be specified in the format of [tagName, {attrName: attrValue}, innerHTML?]

base:The base path of the deployment site. If you want to deploy your site to a sub-path, you will need to set it.

title:The title of the website, it will be used as the prefix of all page titles. At the same time, under the default theme, it will be displayed on the navigation bar (navbar)
See specific configuration information https://www.vuepress.cn/config/

locales Copy Chapter

locales: {
		'/': {
		  lang: 'en-US', 
		  title: ' ',
		},
		'/zh/': {
		  lang: 'zh-CN',
		  title: ' ',
		}
	  },

Represents / jumps English links, / zh / jumps Chinese links.

The storage structure of the file is as follows.

docs
├─ Userguide
├─ SystemDesign
├─ Download
│  └─ README.md
├─ etc.
└─ zh
   ├─ Userguide
   ├─ SystemDesign
   └─ Download
      └─ README.md
   ├─ etc.

nav Copy Chapter

nav indicates the top navigation bar. Modify nav and pay attention to the Chinese or English version you modify.

Where title represents the title of one of the nav, and items is the drop-down list

nav: [
				 {
					text: 'Document',
					items: [
						{ text: 'In progress', link: '/UserGuide/master/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart' },
						{ text: 'V0.9.x', link: '/UserGuide/V0.9.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart' },
					    { text: 'V0.8.x', link: '/UserGuide/V0.8.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart'},
					]
				  },

sidebar Copy Chapter

The first one is a jump link, and children is the jump link that supplements this document

The total link is the domain name of the site + the specified language version (/ or / zh /) + the link of the sidebar + the link of the children

For other sidebar property configuration, see vuepress tutorialhttps://vuepress.vuejs.org/theme/default-theme-config.html#sidebar

If you find it difficult to find in progress, directly ctrl + F search /UserGuide/master/ Jump to that piece, Chinese is /zh/UserGuide/master/

sidebar: {
				'/UserGuide/V0.8.x/': [
					{
						title:'User Guide(V0.8.x)',
						collapsable: false,
					},
					{
						title: '0-Get Started',
						children: [
							'0-Get Started/1-QuickStart',
							'0-Get Started/2-Frequently asked questions',
							'0-Get Started/3-Publication'
						]
					},