## File: README.md > GraphQL server library for Rust [](https://dev.azure.com/graphql-rust/GraphQL%20Rust/_build/latest?definitionId=1) [](https://codecov.io/gh/graphql-rust/juniper) [](https://crates.io/crates/juniper) [](https://gitter.im/juniper-graphql/Lobby) --- [GraphQL][graphql] is a data query language developed by Facebook intended to serve mobile and web application frontends. _Juniper_ makes it possible to write GraphQL servers in Rust that are type-safe and blazingly fast. We also try to make declaring and resolving GraphQL schemas as convenient as Rust will allow. Juniper does not include a web server - instead it provides building blocks to make integration with existing servers straightforward. It optionally provides a pre-built integration for the [Actix][actix], [Hyper][hyper], [Rocket], and [Warp][warp] frameworks, including embedded [Graphiql][graphiql] and [GraphQL Playground][playground] for easy debugging. - [Cargo crate](https://crates.io/crates/juniper) - [API Reference][docsrs] - [Book][book]: Guides and Examples ([current][book] | [master][book_master]) The book is also available for the master branch and older versions published after 0.11.1. See the [book index][book_index]. ## Getting Started The best place to get started is the [Juniper Book][book], which contains guides with plenty of examples, covering all features of Juniper. (very much WIP) To get started quickly and get a feel for Juniper, check out the [Quickstart][book_quickstart] section. For specific information about macros, types and the Juniper api, the [API Reference][docsrs] is the best place to look. You can also check out the [Star Wars schema][test_schema_rs] to see a complex example including polymorphism with traits and interfaces. For an example of web framework integration, see the [actix][actix_examples], [axum][axum_examples], [hyper][hyper_examples], [rocket][rocket_examples], and [warp][warp_examples] examples folders. ## Features Juniper supports the full GraphQL query language according to the [specification (October 2021)][graphql_spec], including interfaces, unions, schema introspection, and validations. It can also output the schema in the [GraphQL Schema Language][schema_language]. As an exception to other GraphQL libraries for other languages, Juniper builds non-null types by default. A field of type `Vec` will be converted into `[Episode!]!`. The corresponding Rust type for e.g. `[Episode]` would be `Option>>`. Juniper is agnostic to serialization format and network transport. Juniper supports both asynchronous and synchronous execution using `execute()` and `execute_sync()` respectively. Asynchronous execution is runtime agnostic. Juniper follows a [code-first approach][schema_approach] to defining GraphQL schemas. If you would like to use a [schema-first approach][schema_approach] instead, consider [juniper-from-schema][] for generating code from a schema file. ## Integrations ### Data types Juniper has automatic integration with some very common Rust crates to make building schemas a breeze. The types from these crates will be usable in your Schemas automatically. - [uuid][uuid] - [url][url] - [chrono][chrono] - [chrono-tz][chrono-tz] - [jiff][jiff] - [time][time] - [bson][bson] ### Web Frameworks - [actix][actix] - [axum][axum] - [hyper][hyper] - [rocket][rocket] - [warp][warp] ## Guides & Examples - [Juniper + actix-web example](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/graphql/juniper) ## API Stability Juniper has not reached 1.0 yet, thus some API instability should be expected. [actix]: https://actix.rs/ [axum]: https://docs.rs/axum [graphql]: http://graphql.org [graphiql]: https://github.com/graphql/graphiql [playground]: https://github.com/prisma/graphql-playground [graphql_spec]: https://spec.graphql.org/October2021 [schema_language]: https://graphql.org/learn/schema/#type-language [schema_approach]: https://blog.logrocket.com/code-first-vs-schema-first-development-graphql/ [test_schema_rs]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/master/juniper/src/tests/fixtures/starwars/schema.rs [tokio]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio [actix_examples]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/tree/master/juniper_actix/examples [axum_examples]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/tree/master/juniper_axum/examples [hyper_examples]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/tree/master/juniper_hyper/examples [rocket_examples]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/tree/master/juniper_rocket/examples [hyper]: https://hyper.rs [rocket]: https://rocket.rs [book]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper [book_master]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper/master [book_index]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper [book_quickstart]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper/quickstart.html [docsrs]: https://docs.rs/juniper [warp]: https://github.com/seanmonstar/warp [warp_examples]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/tree/master/juniper_warp/examples [uuid]: https://crates.io/crates/uuid [url]: https://crates.io/crates/url [chrono]: https://crates.io/crates/chrono [chrono-tz]: https://crates.io/crates/chrono-tz [jiff]: https://crates.io/crates/jiff [time]: https://crates.io/crates/time [bson]: https://crates.io/crates/bson [juniper-from-schema]: https://github.com/davidpdrsn/juniper-from-schema --- ## File: assets/logo/README.md The rust-graphql logo is a derivative work based on * The GraphQL Logo licensed under the terms of the BSD license * The Rust Logo licensed under the terms of the CC-BY license --- ## File: book/README.md Juniper Book ============ Book containing the [`juniper`](https://docs.rs/juniper) user guide. ## Contributing ### Requirements The Book is built with [mdBook](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook). You may install it with: ```bash cargo install mdbook ``` ### Local test server To launch a local test server that continually re-builds the Book and auto-reloads the page, run: ```bash mdbook serve # or from project root dir: make book.serve ``` ### Building You may build the Book to rendered HTML with this command: ```bash mdbook build # or from project root dir: make book ``` The output will be in the `_rendered/` directory. ### Testing To run the tests validating all code examples in the book, run (from project root dir): ```bash cargo build mdbook test -L target/debug/deps # or via shortcut: make test.book ``` --- ## File: juniper/README.md Juniper (GraphQL server library for Rust) ========================================= [](https://crates.io/crates/juniper) [](https://docs.rs/juniper) [](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amaster) [](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/02/20/Rust-1.85.0.html) - [Juniper Book] ([current][Juniper Book] | [edge][Juniper Book edge]) - [Changelog](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper-v0.17.1/juniper/CHANGELOG.md) [GraphQL] is a data query language developed by [Facebook] and intended to serve mobile and web application frontends. *[Juniper]* makes it possible to write [GraphQL] servers in [Rust] that are type-safe and blazingly fast. We also try to make declaring and resolving [GraphQL] schemas as convenient as [Rust] will allow. [Juniper] doesn't include a web server - instead it provides building blocks to make integration with existing servers straightforward, including embedded [GraphiQL] and/or [GraphQL Playground] for easy debugging. ## Getting Started The best place to get started is [Juniper Book], which contains guides with plenty of examples, covering all features of [Juniper]. To get started quickly and get a feel for Juniper, check out the ["Quickstart" section][1]. For specific information about macros, types and the [Juniper] API, the [API docs][Juniper] is the best place to look. ## Features [Juniper] supports the full [GraphQL] query language according to [October 2021 GraphQL specification](https://spec.graphql.org/October2021), including interfaces, unions, schema introspection, and validations. It does not, however, support the schema language. As an exception to other [GraphQL] libraries for other languages, [Juniper] builds non-`null` types by default. A field of type `Vec` will be converted into `[Episode!]!`. The corresponding Rust type for e.g. `[Episode]` would be `Option>>`. ## Integrations ### Types [Juniper] provides out-of-the-box integration for some very common [Rust] crates to make building schemas a breeze. The types from these crates will be usable in your schemas automatically after enabling the correspondent self-titled [Cargo feature]: - [`bigdecimal`] - [`bson`] - [`chrono`], [`chrono-tz`] - [`jiff`] - [`ruint`] - [`rust_decimal`] - [`time`] - [`url`] - [`uuid`] ### Web server frameworks - [`actix-web`] ([`juniper_actix`] crate) - [`axum`] ([`juniper_axum`] crate) - [`hyper`] ([`juniper_hyper`] crate) - [`rocket`] ([`juniper_rocket`] crate) - [`warp`] ([`juniper_warp`] crate) ## API stability [Juniper] has not reached 1.0 yet, thus some API instability should be expected. ## License This project is licensed under [BSD 2-Clause License](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper-v0.17.1/juniper/LICENSE). [`actix-web`]: https://docs.rs/actix-web [`axum`]: https://docs.rs/axum [`bigdecimal`]: https://docs.rs/bigdecimal [`bson`]: https://docs.rs/bson [`chrono`]: https://docs.rs/chrono [`chrono-tz`]: https://docs.rs/chrono-tz [`jiff`]: https://docs.rs/jiff [`juniper_actix`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_actix [`juniper_axum`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_axum [`juniper_hyper`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_hyper [`juniper_rocket`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_rocket [`juniper_warp`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_warp [`hyper`]: https://docs.rs/hyper [`rocket`]: https://docs.rs/rocket [`ruint`]: https://docs.rs/ruint [`rust_decimal`]: https://docs.rs/rust_decimal [`time`]: https://docs.rs/time [`url`]: https://docs.rs/url [`uuid`]: https://docs.rs/uuid [`warp`]: https://docs.rs/warp [Cargo feature]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/features.html [Facebook]: https://facebook.com [GraphiQL]: https://github.com/graphql/graphiql [GraphQL]: http://graphql.org [GraphQL Playground]: https://github.com/graphql/graphql-playground [Juniper]: https://docs.rs/juniper [Juniper Book]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper [Juniper Book edge]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper/master [Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org [1]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper/quickstart.html --- ## File: juniper_actix/README.md `juniper_actix` crate ===================== [](https://crates.io/crates/juniper_actix) [](https://docs.rs/juniper_actix) [](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amaster) [](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/06/26/Rust-1.88.0) - [Changelog](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_actix-v0.7.0/juniper_actix/CHANGELOG.md) [`actix-web`] web server integration for [`juniper`] ([GraphQL] implementation for [Rust]). It's inspired and some parts are copied from [`juniper_warp`] crate. ## Documentation For documentation, including guides and examples, check out [Juniper Book]. A basic usage example can also be found in the [API docs][`juniper_actix`]. ## Examples Check [`examples/subscription.rs`][1] for example code of a working [`actix-web`] server with [GraphQL] handlers. ## License This project is licensed under [BSD 2-Clause License](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_actix-v0.7.0/juniper_actix/LICENSE). [`actix-web`]: https://docs.rs/actix-web [`juniper`]: https://docs.rs/juniper [`juniper_actix`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_actix [`juniper_warp`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_warp [GraphQL]: http://graphql.org [Juniper Book]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper [Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org [1]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_actix-v0.7.0/juniper_actix/examples/subscription.rs --- ## File: juniper_axum/README.md `juniper_axum` crate ==================== [](https://crates.io/crates/juniper_axum) [](https://docs.rs/juniper_axum) [](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amaster) [](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/02/20/Rust-1.85.0.html) - [Changelog](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_axum-v0.3.0/juniper_axum/CHANGELOG.md) [`axum`] web server integration for [`juniper`] ([GraphQL] implementation for [Rust]). ## Documentation For documentation, including guides and examples, check out [Juniper Book]. A basic usage example can also be found in the [API docs][`juniper_axum`]. ## Examples Check [`examples/simple.rs`][1] and [`examples/custom.rs`][1] for example code of a working [`axum`] server with [GraphQL] handlers. ## License This project is licensed under [BSD 2-Clause License](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_axum-v0.3.0/juniper_axum/LICENSE). [`axum`]: https://docs.rs/axum [`juniper`]: https://docs.rs/juniper [`juniper_axum`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_axum [GraphQL]: http://graphql.org [Juniper Book]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper [Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org [1]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_axum-v0.3.0/juniper_axum/examples/simple.rs [2]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_axum-v0.3.0/juniper_axum/examples/custom.rs --- ## File: juniper_codegen/README.md `juniper_codegen` crate ======================= [](https://crates.io/crates/juniper_codegen) [](https://docs.rs/juniper_codegen) [](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amaster) [](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/02/20/Rust-1.85.0.html) - [Changelog](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_codegen-v0.17.0/juniper_codegen/CHANGELOG.md) Code generation for [`juniper`] crate. DO NOT use it directly, use [`juniper`] crate instead. ## License This project is licensed under [BSD 2-Clause License](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_codegen-v0.17.0/juniper_codegen/LICENSE). [`juniper`]: https://docs.rs/juniper --- ## File: juniper_hyper/README.md `juniper_hyper` crate ===================== [](https://crates.io/crates/juniper_hyper) [](https://docs.rs/juniper_hyper) [](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amaster) [](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/02/20/Rust-1.85.0.html) - [Changelog](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_hyper-v0.10.0/juniper_hyper/CHANGELOG.md) [`hyper`] web server integration for [`juniper`] ([GraphQL] implementation for [Rust]). ## Documentation For documentation, including guides and examples, check out [Juniper Book]. A basic usage example can also be found in the [API docs][`juniper_hyper`]. ## Examples Check [`examples/hyper_server.rs`][1] for example code of a working [`hyper`] server with [GraphQL] handlers. ## License This project is licensed under [BSD 2-Clause License](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_hyper-v0.10.0/juniper_hyper/LICENSE). [`hyper`]: https://docs.rs/hyper [`juniper`]: https://docs.rs/juniper [`juniper_hyper`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_hyper [GraphQL]: http://graphql.org [Juniper Book]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper [Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org [1]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_hyper-v0.10.0/juniper_hyper/examples/hyper_server.rs --- ## File: juniper_rocket/README.md `juniper_rocket` crate ====================== [](https://crates.io/crates/juniper_rocket) [](https://docs.rs/juniper_rocket) [](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amaster) [](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/02/20/Rust-1.85.0.html) - [Changelog](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_rocket-v0.10.0/juniper_rocket/CHANGELOG.md) [`rocket`] web server integration for [`juniper`] ([GraphQL] implementation for [Rust]). ## Documentation For documentation, including guides and examples, check out [Juniper Book]. A basic usage example can also be found in the [API docs][`juniper_rocket`]. ## Examples Check [`examples/simple.rs`][1] for example code of a working [`rocket`] server with [GraphQL] handlers. ## License This project is licensed under [BSD 2-Clause License](https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_rocket-v0.10.0/juniper_rocket/LICENSE). [`juniper`]: https://docs.rs/juniper [`juniper_rocket`]: https://docs.rs/juniper_rocket [`rocket`]: https://docs.rs/rocket [GraphQL]: http://graphql.org [Juniper Book]: https://graphql-rust.github.io/juniper [Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org [1]: https://github.com/graphql-rust/juniper/blob/juniper_rocket-v0.10.0/juniper_rocket/examples/simple.rs