# Technical Documentation: bee-san/RustScan

> ℹ️ **Provenance:** Multi-Tier Ingestion · [CodeWiki Reference](https://codewiki.google/github.com/bee-san/RustScan)

### Overview (`README.md`)

<div align="center" markdown="1">

➡️ [Discord][discord] | [Installation Guide][toc-install] | [Usage Guide][usage-guide] ⬅️

<img src="pictures/rustscan.png" height=400px width=400px>


**Fast, smart, effective.**

![Arch Linux package][badge-1] ![Built with Rust][badge-2] ![GitHub All Releases][badge-3] ![Crates.io][badge-4] ![Discord][badge-5] ![Actions][badge-6]

</div>

# 🤔 What is this?

![fast][speed-1]

The Modern Port Scanner. **Find ports quickly (3 seconds at its fastest)**. Run scripts through our scripting engine (Python, Lua, Shell supported).

# 🛠️ Installation

You can install RustScan's binary from our [releases page](https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/releases).

We would prefer you to install with a package manager so it is tested and works for your system.

RustScan is in many repositories already. Install it with whatever tools you wish:

[](https://repology.org/project/rustscan/versions)

RustScan only officially supports Cargo installations, if you want to use that please install Rust and then `cargo install rustscan`

Example installations include:

MacOS:

```
  brew install rustscan
```

Arch:

```
  pacman -S rustscan
```

# ✨ Features

- Scans all 65k ports in **3 seconds**.
- Full scripting engine support. Automatically pipe results into Nmap, or use our scripts (or write your own) to do whatever you want.
- Adaptive learning. RustScan improves the more you use it. No bloated machine learning here, just basic maths.
- The usuals you would expect. IPv6, CIDR, file input and more.
- Automatically pipes ports into Nmap.

## ‼️ Important Links

|                   |                    |               |
| :----------------------------------------: | :------------------------------------: | :-------------------------: |
| :book: [Installation Guide][toc-install] | :books: [Documentation][links-table-2] | :parrot: [Discord][discord] |
|                                          | :penguin: [ARM Support](docs/arm-support.md) |                           |

## 🙋 Table of Contents

- 📖 [Installation Guide][toc-install]
- 🐋 [Docker Usage][toc-docker-usage]
- 🐧 [ARM Support](docs/arm-support.md)
- 🦜 [Discord][discord]
- 🤸 [Usage][usage-1]

# 🔭 Why RustScan?

RustScan is a modern take on the port scanner. Sleek & fast. All while providing extensive extendability to you.

Not to mention RustScan uses Adaptive Learning to improve itself over time, making it the best port scanner for **you**.

## 🧋 Speed

![fast][speed-1]

Speed is guaranteed via RustScan. However, if you want to run a slow scan due to stealth, that is possible too.

Firstly, let's talk code.

We have tests that check to see if RustScan is significantly slower than the previous version. If it is, the continuous integration fails, and we can't commit code to master unless we make it faster.

[HyperFine][speed-2] is used to monitor RustScan's performance over time to answer the question, "Are we getting faster? Are we getting slower?".

Every pull request is reviewed by **one** person, but more often than not, **two** people review it. We test it manually and ensure the code doesn't negatively affect performance.

[Read more here][speed-3].

## ⚙️ Extensible

![scripts][extensible-1]

### _RustScan piping results into the custom Python script_

RustScan has a new scripting engine that allows anyone to write scripts in most languages. Python, Lua, and Shell are all supported.

Want to take your found ports and pipe them into Nmap for further analysis? That's possible. Want to run `smb-enum` if SMB is found open? Possible.

The possibilities are endless -- and you can write scripts in whatever language you feel comfortable with.

[Read more here][extensible-2].

## 🌊 Adaptive

![adaptive][adaptive-1]

### _RustScan automatically fine-tunes itself to match the host OS_

RustScan has a cool set of features called "Adaptive Learning". These features "learn" about the environment you are scanning and how _you_ use RustScan to **improve itself over time**.

We use this umbrella term for any feature that fits this criterion. The list constantly changes, so [check out our wiki for more information][adaptive-learning].

## 👩‍🦯 Accessible

![fast][accessible-1]

RustScan is one of the first penetration testing tools that aims to be entirely accessible.

[Most penetration testing tools are not accessible][accessible-2], which negatively affects the whole industry.

RustScan has continuous integration testing that aims to ensure it is accessible, and we are constantly working on ways to improve our accessibility and ensure _everyone_ can use RustScan.

# 🤸 Usage

We have 2 usage guides. [Basic Usage][usage-1] and [Things you may want to do][usage-2].

We also have documentation about our config file [here][config-file-here].

# 🎪 Community

[Contributing][community-1] Read this to learn how.

## Contributors ✨



[](#contributors-)



Thanks goes to these wonderful people ([emoji key](https://allcontributors.org/docs/en/emoji-key)):




<table>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://skerritt.blog"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/10378052?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#infra-beeskerritt" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=beeskerritt" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=beesan" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#design-beeskerritt" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://sakiir.ovh"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9950578?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>SakiiR</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=SakiiR" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3ASakiiR" title="Bug reports">🐛</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/smackhack"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/48143394?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>smackhack</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#ideas-smackhack" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#example-smackhack" title="Examples">💡</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://bernardoamc.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/428984?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bernardo Araujo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=bernardoamc" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3Abernardoamc" title="Bug reports">🐛</a> <a href="#design-bernardoamc" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Isona"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/11759523?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Izzy Whistlecroft</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3AIsona" title="Bug reports">🐛</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://imlonghao.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/4951333?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>imlonghao</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3Aimlonghao" title="Bug reports">🐛</a> <a href="#maintenance-imlonghao" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/royharoush"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/8113056?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>royharoush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#ideas-royharoush" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#design-royharoush" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Atul9"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3390330?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Atul Bhosale</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=Atul9" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://tgotwig.dev"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/30773779?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas Gotwig</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#platform-TGotwig" title="Packaging/porting to new platform">📦</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/remigourdon"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/2874133?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rémi Gourdon</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=remigourdon" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=remigourdon" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://cmnatic.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/4163116?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ben (CMNatic)</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=cmnatic" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=cmnatic" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#design-cmnatic" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Ferryistaken"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/47927670?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alessandro Ferrari</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Ferryistaken" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Phenomite"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/8285537?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Phenomite</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Phenomite" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://supersandro.de/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7258858?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sandro</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-SuperSandro2000" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3ASuperSandro2000" title="Bug reports">🐛</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=SuperSandro2000" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://swag.lgbt"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/25358963?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Cass</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#platform-caass" title="Packaging/porting to new platform">📦</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=caass" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3Acaass" title="Bug reports">🐛</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/niklasmohrin"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47574893?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Niklas Mohrin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=niklasmohrin" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=niklasmohrin" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3Aniklasmohrin" title="Bug reports">🐛</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://liberapay.com/Artem4/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5614476?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Artem Polishchuk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#platform-tim77" title="Packaging/porting to new platform">📦</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/buermarc"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/44375277?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>buermarc</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=buermarc" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bergabman"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/44554109?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>bergabman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=bergabman" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/issues?q=author%3Abergabman" title="Bug reports">🐛</a> <a href="#design-bergabman" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dmitris"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/31205?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dmitry Savintsev</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=dmitris" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bofh69"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1444315?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sebastian Andersson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=bofh69" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mattcorbin"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6537765?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt Corbin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=mattcorbin" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://rootsploit.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/67270834?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>RootSploit</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#blog-rootsploit" title="Blogposts">📝</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eiffel-fl"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/12171754?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>eiffel-fl</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=eiffel-fl" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/u5surf"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/14180225?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Y.Horie</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=u5surf" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/okrplay"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/32576280?v=4" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Oskar</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=okrplay" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/commits?author=okrplay" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td>
  </tr>
</table>






This project follows the [all-contributors](https://github.com/all-contributors/all-contributors) specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!



[Docker]: https://hub.docker.com/r/cmnatic/rustscan "This is the recommended distribution of rustscan"
[kali]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Installation-Guide#%EF%B8%8F-debian--kali "Read the install guide"
[Kali/Debian]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/releases "Kali Debian"
[Arch-Linux]: https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/rustscan/ "Arch Linux installation of Rustscan"
[Homebrew]: https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/rustscan "Homebrew install of Rustscan"
[usage-1]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Usage "Basic Usage of Rustscan"
[usage-0]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Installation-Guide#docker-whale "Use Docker Rustscan"
[config-file-here]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Config-File "RustScan Configuration File"
[usage-2]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Things-you-may-want-to-do-with-RustScan-but-don't-understand-how "Things you may want to do with rustscan but don't know how"
[community-1]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Contributing "Learn how to contribute"
[distributions-1]: https://software.opensuse.org/package/rustscan?search_term=rustscan "Open Suse rustscan distribution"
[distributions-2]: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/atim/rustscan/ "Rustscan in Fedora"
[repology-1]: https://repology.org/project/rustscan/versions "Packaging Status"
[install-1]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Installation-Guide "Installation guide"
[accessible-2]: https://bees.substack.com/p/making-hacking-accessible "Making Hacking Accessible"
[extensible-2]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/RustScan-Scripting-Engine "Scripting Engine"
[speed-2]: https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine "Hyperfine"
[speed-3]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Increasing-Speed-&-Accuracy "Increasing Speed & Accuracy"
[toc-community]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan#-community "Community"
[links-table-1]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan#-full-installation-guide "Full installation guide"
[links-table-2]: https://github.com/bee-san/RustScan/wiki "Rustscan"
[discord]: http://discord.skerritt.blog "Discord blog"
[toc-install]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Installation-Guide "Installation Guide Wiki"
[toc-docker-usage]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Installation-Guide#docker- "Docker Installation Guide Wiki"
[usage-guide]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan#-usage
[adaptive-learning]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/wiki/Adaptive-Learning "Adaptive Learning"



[DockerPic]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/blob/master/pictures/docker.png?raw=true "Docker install"
[Kali1]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/blob/master/pictures/kali.png?raw=true "Kali Picture"
[Arch]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/blob/master/pictures/arch.png?raw=true "Arch Linux"
[Apple]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RustScan/RustScan/master/pictures/apple.png?size "Apple"
[rustscan-svg]: https://repology.org/badge/vertical-allrepos/rustscan.svg "Picture of rustscan repology"
[accessible-1]: pictures/accessible.gif "Fast"
[adaptive-1]: pictures/adaptive.gif "Adaptive"
[extensible-1]: pictures/scripts.gif "Scripts"
[speed-1]: pictures/fast.gif "Speed"
[badge-1]: https://img.shields.io/archlinux/v/extra/x86_64/rustscan?style=plastic&logo=archlinux&link=https%3A%2F%2Farchlinux.org%2Fpackages%2Fextra%2Fx86_64%2Frustscan%2F
[badge-2]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Built%20with-Rust-Purple
[badge-3]: https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/rustscan/rustscan/total?label=GitHub%20Downloads
[badge-4]: https://img.shields.io/crates/d/rustscan?label=Cargo%20Downloads
[badge-5]: https://img.shields.io/discord/754001738184392704
[badge-6]: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg?branch=master

---

### Arm Support (`docs/arm-support.md`)

# ARM support

This page covers which ARM targets RustScan's CI builds and tests, and how to build ARM binaries yourself.

## What CI covers

| Target | Built by | Tested by |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu` (64-bit ARM Linux) | `build-nix` job in [build.yml](../.github/workflows/build.yml) | `Test Suite (ubuntu-24.04-arm)` in [test.yml](../.github/workflows/test.yml) |
| `armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf` (32-bit ARM Linux) | `build-nix` job in [build.yml](../.github/workflows/build.yml) | not tested in CI |
| `aarch64-apple-darwin` (Apple Silicon macOS) | `build-macos-aarch64` job in [build.yml](../.github/workflows/build.yml) | `Test Suite (macos-latest)` in [test.yml](../.github/workflows/test.yml) |

- **Builds** use [`houseabsolute/actions-rust-cross`](https://github.com/houseabsolute/actions-rust-cross). It cross-compiles the Linux ARM targets with [`cross`](https://github.com/cross-rs/cross) on x86_64 runners.
- **Tests** run natively on GitHub-hosted arm64 runners: `ubuntu-24.04-arm` for Linux, and `macos-latest`, which runs on Apple Silicon. They run the same `just test` recipe as every other platform.

## Building ARM binaries locally

The simplest option is `cross`, which runs the build in a container that already has the right toolchain and linker. It needs Docker or Podman.

```sh
cargo install cross
cross build --locked --release --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
# or, for 32-bit ARM:
cross build --locked --release --target armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
```

The binary ends up at `target/<target>/release/rustscan`.

On an ARM machine (for example a Raspberry Pi running a 64-bit OS, or an Apple Silicon Mac) you don't need `cross`; a normal native build works:

```sh
cargo build --locked --release
```

## Troubleshooting

- **`error[E0463]: can't find crate for std`, or linker errors:** you're cross-compiling with plain `cargo`. Either use `cross`, or install the target (`rustup target add <target>`) along with a matching cross linker.
- **`cross` can't pull its image:** check that Docker or Podman is running and that your user can reach it.

---

### Lazy Dns Benchmark Results.Json (`docs/lazy-dns-benchmark-results.json`)

{
  "metadata": {
    "base": "67c08a33100362c54b56fde784b0fd234f70fa11",
    "candidate": "a05592a8a88b77ad85d961137943dfadfe98b612",
    "environment": "Linux-7.2.6-1-cachyos-x86_64-with-glibc2.44",
    "rust": "rustc 1.98.1 (48a229cea 2026-09-01) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.98.1-1.1)",
    "hosts_bytes": 2760051,
    "profile": "release with LTO",
    "network_namespace": "unshare --user --map-root-user --net",
    "common_args": [
      "--no-config",
      "--config-path",
      "/dev/null",
      "--no-banner",
      "--scripts",
      "none",
      "--greppable",
      "--ports",
      "80",
      "--exclude-ports",
      "80"
    ],
    "workloads": {
      "literal-ipv4": [
        "-a",
        "127.0.0.1"
      ],
      "mixed-cidrs": [
        "-a",
        "127.0.0.1,192.0.2.0/30,2001:db8::/126",
        "--exclude-addresses",
        "192.0.2.1,2001:db8::1"
      ]
    },
    "warmups_each": 2,
    "samples_each": 20,
    "binary_cpus": "0-3",
    "harness_cpus": "8-9",
    "binary_sha256": {
      "base": "4d6b090218ff36249ed95f14ec1a82626e8ea33854f3823f19a6de247b1524b8",
      "dns": "a9d6bf949f56c53d18cc85bc9b53b21bd85a63bcdd04ad78992d392c675c77ac"
    }
  },
  "summary": {
    "literal-ipv4": {
      "base_ms": 168.23068849999999,
      "dns_ms": 2.248762,
      "samples_each": 20
    },
    "mixed-cidrs": {
      "base_ms": 178.0855925,
      "dns_ms": 2.4539600000000004,
      "samples_each": 20
    }
  },
  "samples": {
    "literal-ipv4": {
      "base": [
        143.391226,
        146.562804,
        149.615525,
        151.188597,
        152.269193,
        159.499601,
        164.926958,
        164.347529,
        167.208931,
        165.433184,
        172.246939,
        169.252446,
        172.777899,
        170.729249,
        170.092681,
        171.863255,
        169.612842,
        170.857396,
        173.117403,
        175.206345
      ],
      "dns": [
        2.241793,
        1.817341,
        2.39956,
        2.048986,
        3.123401,
        1.820017,
        3.615094,
        2.165312,
        2.675535,
        2.103261,
        2.531392,
        2.215141,
        2.572939,
        2.063803,
        2.671431,
        2.059846,
        2.598858,
        2.230916,
        2.678259,
        2.255731
      ]
    },
    "mixed-cidrs": {
      "base": [
        175.504767,
        178.797842,
        186.183728,
        176.885958,
        177.989816,
        180.028568,
        177.66299,
        174.757221,
        175.468485,
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        177.639639,
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        182.587204,
        180.58311,
        178.961137,
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        178.181369
      ],
      "dns": [
        3.275193,
        2.114074,
        2.700771,
        2.183317,
        2.606538,
        2.368046,
        2.599702,
        2.238105,
        2.683892,
        2.292249,
        2.528366,
        2.114478,
        2.668921,
        2.103271,
        3.275514,
        2.27974,
        3.103311,
        2.265298,
        2.580743,
        2.379554
      ]
    }
  },
  "invocations": 88
}

---

### Lazy Dns Benchmark (`docs/lazy-dns-benchmark.md`)

# Lazy DNS initialization benchmark

Compared current Tokio master `67c08a33100362c54b56fde784b0fd234f70fa11` with the lazy-resolver implementation
at `a05592a8a88b77ad85d961137943dfadfe98b612` on 2026-10-02.

## Method

Both binaries are release builds with LTO, using Rust 1.98.1 on an Intel Core
Ultra 7 165U running Linux 7.2.6-1-cachyos. Each workload used twenty measured
runs and two warmups per binary, alternating A/B and B/A order. Binaries used
CPUs 0-3; the harness used CPUs 8-9. No builds ran during measurement.

The harness ran in a private network namespace. Every invocation excluded
its only requested port, so no scan traffic was sent. Configuration and
scripts were disabled. Timing spans process launch through exit, including
the same `taskset` affinity launcher for both builds.

Common arguments:

```sh
--no-config --config-path /dev/null --no-banner --scripts none --greppable \
  --ports 80 --exclude-ports 80
```

The literal case adds `-a 127.0.0.1`. The mixed case adds
`-a 127.0.0.1,192.0.2.0/30,2001:db8::/126` and
`--exclude-addresses 192.0.2.1,2001:db8::1`. Both use `RUST_LOG=rustscan=info`.

## Results

| Workload | Master median | Lazy DNS median | Time saved |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Literal IPv4 | 168.23 ms | 2.25 ms | 165.98 ms (98.66%) |
| IPv4/IPv6 CIDRs and exclusions | 178.09 ms | 2.45 ms | 175.63 ms (98.62%) |

All 88 invocations exited successfully with the expected empty scan output.
A separate syscall trace of the optimized literal-IP invocation recorded no
reads of `/etc/hosts` or `/etc/resolv.conf` and no network connects or sends.

This host has a 2,760,051-byte hosts file. Eager Hickory initialization parses
that file even for numeric targets. Systems with smaller hosts files will
save less; this measures CLI startup, not socket throughput. Hostnames that
need fallback DNS still pay resolver initialization once, and parsing order,
file handling, deduplication and exclusions keep their existing behavior.

[Raw samples, setup and binary hashes](lazy-dns-benchmark-results.json) are
included. Network-free regression tests verify that literal IPv4/IPv6 targets,
CIDRs, exclusions, duplicates and empty inputs do not construct the resolver.

---

### Port Exclusion Benchmark Results.Json (`docs/port-exclusion-benchmark-results.json`)

{
  "date": "2026-10-02",
  "base_revision": "b7119f7f3eb1601e81126ef3572699ed7b3b7c0b",
  "implementation_revision": "270561d553688acbd99f61c460cdfa7c76c1423e",
  "rustc": "rustc 1.98.1 (48a229cea 2026-09-01) (Arch Linux rust 1:1.98.1-1.1)",
  "environment": {
    "kernel": "7.2.6-1-cachyos",
    "machine": "x86_64",
    "cpu": "Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 165U",
    "affinity": "CPU 0 for every benchmark binary",
    "frequency": "not fixed; shared laptop environment"
  },
  "method": {
    "path": "Scanner::run_with_status, with no target addresses",
    "profile": "release/bench with LTO, same Cargo.lock and identical benchmark harness",
    "samples_per_run": 20,
    "runs_per_build_case": 2,
    "order": [
      "base-a",
      "head-a",
      "head-b",
      "base-b"
    ],
    "warmup_ms": 500,
    "measurement_seconds": 2,
    "input_ports": "1..=port_count",
    "input_exclusions": "(i * 13 % 65536) as u16 for i in 0..excluded_count",
    "timed": "port ordering/cloning, filtering, empty scan setup and Tokio block_on; Scanner and runtime construction are outside timer",
    "network": "no sockets or DNS",
    "concurrent_builds": false
  },
  "harness_sha256": "9aa08ba03b07748eb5c1f6b53bdb4b5b4416e855835aa210a1f943bceaaf9beb",
  "lockfile_sha256": "6dda887fc7ec74c0572e4469f783fcf64fe3953b70283eb256da4242f1d5a11c",
  "binary_sha256": {
    "base": "de3638eb7e056c62b4301dd79853edc63202f3baf35576f578d6f9d2e5106792",
    "head": "9818604e850736827ac1cb00148786e06dd153baa95db13c4af460ca2690c38b"
  },
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    }
  ]
}

---

### Port Exclusion Benchmark (`docs/port-exclusion-benchmark.md`)

# Port exclusion preparation benchmark

Compared Tokio master `b7119f7f3eb1601e81126ef3572699ed7b3b7c0b` with
implementation `270561d553688acbd99f61c460cdfa7c76c1423e` on 2026-10-02.

## Method

Release builds with LTO, Rust 1.98.1, Intel Core Ultra 7 165U, Linux
7.2.6-1-cachyos. Both versions use the same lockfile and identical
`benches/benchmark_helpers.rs`; copy the final benchmark harness into the
baseline worktree before building it. The benchmark runs the production
`Scanner::run_with_status` with **zero target addresses**, so it opens no
sockets and does no DNS or scripting. It includes generating/cloning the
port list, filtering and empty scan setup. Scanner construction and the
current-thread Tokio runtime construction are outside the timer.

Manual ports are `1..=port_count`; exclusions are
`(i * 13 % 65536) as u16` for `i` in `0..excluded_count`. Each case has two
independent twenty-sample Criterion runs per build, a 500 ms warmup and a
2 s target measurement. Cases run in A/B then B/A order on CPU 0. No builds
or other local checks ran during timing. CPU frequency was not fixed on
this shared laptop, so the table retains both repetitions rather than
selecting one result. Values are Criterion's mean point estimates.

Build command for each worktree:

```sh
cargo bench --locked --bench benchmark_helpers --no-run
```

The saved benchmark executables are then run serially, for each case:

```sh
CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/tmp/preparation-results taskset -c 0 /path/to/benchmark_helpers \
  --bench 'port preparation/65535 ports, 4096 exclusions' --save-baseline base-a
```

Repeat with the candidate binary as `head-a`, then the candidate as
`head-b` and the baseline as `base-b`. To run the group normally without
comparing builds:

```sh
cargo bench --locked --bench benchmark_helpers -- 'port preparation'
```

## Results

Times are microseconds; A and B are separate matched repetitions.

| Ports | Exclusions | Master µs A / B | Optimized µs A / B | Time saved A / B |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | 1 | 0.289 / 0.286 | 0.261 / 0.271 | 9.7% / 5.2% |
| 16 | 4 | 0.260 / 0.268 | 0.232 / 0.237 | 10.6% / 11.6% |
| 64 | 1 | 0.433 / 0.437 | 0.237 / 0.239 | 45.2% / 45.4% |
| 64 | 4,096 | 6.231 / 10.093 | 2.484 / 3.038 | 60.1% / 69.9% |
| 4,096 | 0 | 10.889 / 10.037 | 0.335 / 0.397 | 96.9% / 96.0% |
| 4,096 | 64 | 20.680 / 20.363 | 2.930 / 3.064 | 85.8% / 85.0% |
| 4,096 | 4,096 | 524.223 / 519.670 | 6.805 / 6.710 | 98.7% / 98.7% |
| 65,535 | 0 | 166.113 / 115.686 | 3.655 / 2.333 | 97.8% / 98.0% |
| 65,535 | 4 | 175.717 / 181.343 | 29.769 / 30.230 | 83.1% / 83.3% |
| 65,535 | 64 | 207.617 / 206.910 | 31.595 / 31.462 | 84.8% / 84.8% |
| 65,535 | 1,024 | 2018.463 / 3271.564 | 33.403 / 33.520 | 98.3% / 99.0% |
| 65,535 | 4,096 | 8811.234 / 8469.706 | 59.853 / 63.211 | 99.3% / 99.3% |

All twelve cases improved in both repetitions. This measures **preparation,
not end-to-end network scan speed**: many scans are dominated by socket I/O,
timeouts and reporting. In particular, the default no-exclusion saving is
only a fraction of a millisecond.

## Implementation and correctness

With no exclusions, keep the already generated vector. For fewer than 64
ports, filter in place with linear membership checks; this avoids bitmap
setup and a second allocation. Larger lists use an 8 KiB bitmap covering
all 65,536 values representable by `u16`, then retain ports in place. This
changes the large-list filtering cost from ports × exclusions to ports +
exclusions, while preserving order, duplicate ports and boundary values.
The helper is kept out of line: release assembly showed an inlined bitmap
reserved 8,424 bytes in every async poll, whereas the final poll frame uses
344 bytes and the helper reserves its bitmap only during preparation.

Exploration found that in-place linear membership slows large cases. A
first production candidate also slowed 64 ports with 4,096 exclusions;
using the bitmap for that case corrected the regression before the final
matched runs. The cutoff is a performance choice, not a limit on input.

One focused network-free regression test compares the implementation with
an independent membership oracle for empty inputs, endpoints 0/65535,
duplicate ports/exclusions, all ports, and a frozen random order.
`cargo test --locked` passes 74 tests with one pre-existing ignored doctest.
All-target Clippy, formatting, documentation and diff checks pass. The
CI-only scan harness adds an excluded-port sweep using the existing
listeners, checking expected results and using the actual attempted socket
count for throughput.

[Raw Criterion samples, confidence intervals, revisions and binary hashes](port-exclusion-benchmark-results.json)
are included. Hosted correctness/performance results are linked in the PR.

## macOS runner setup

Repeated hosted sweeps on Darwin 25.6 returned `ENOBUFS` (error 55) on
both master and the candidate, missing fixture listeners. Such runs are
invalid for performance claims. The workflow provisions the TCP memory
budget once before either build is measured, raising it from the default
1/32 to 1/8 of physical memory when necessary, and prints the actual limit
and allocation counters. It retains every scenario, repeat, listener
comparison and performance threshold. An immediate untimed diagnostic
scan records errors and kernel counters if a measured pair misses a
listener; that failed dataset is not used to claim a speedup.

This uses XNU's [TCP budget initialization](https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/xnu/blob/main/bsd/netinet/tcp_subr.c)
and [memory accounting interface](https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/xnu/blob/main/bsd/sys/mem_acct_private.h).
It changes the disposable benchmark environment, not RustScan's behavior
or the operating system configuration on users' machines.

---

--- METRICS ---
- Files Extracted: 6
- Estimated Token Budget: ~44078 tokens
- Canonical Reference: https://codewiki.google/github.com/bee-san/RustScan
